Q. What are the various types of software?
1. System Software: System software or operating system is the software used by the computer to translate inputs from various sources into a language which a machine can understand. Basically, the OS coordinates the different hardware components of a computer. There are many OS in the market. The most popular Os are from the stable of Microsoft.
2. Application software: A normal user rarely gets to see the operating system or to work with it. But all of us are familiar with application software which we must use to interact with a computer. Popular examples of application software are the Microsoft office suite which includes Word, Excel and PowerPoint. The anti-virus is an application and so is the Media player.
3. Programming languages: Programmers use the programming software to develop the programming languages necessary to run computer software. Compliers, interpreters, linkers and text editors are some of the basic tools used in programming software.
Q. Number system? Briefly the number system used by compute
A number system is a writing system for expressing numbers, that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. Any system using a range of digits organized in a series of columns or "places" that represents a specific quantity. The most common numbering systems are decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal.
** The decimal numeral system has ten as its base. It is the numerical base most widely used by modern civilizations.
** In mathematics and computer science, the binary numeral system, or base-2 numeral system, represents numeric values using two symbols: 0 and 1. Numbers represented in this system are commonly called binary numbers.
** The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7. Octal numerals can be made from binary numerals by grouping consecutive binary digits into groups of three. For example, the binary representation for decimal 74 is 1001010, which can be grouped into (00)1 001 010 – so the octal representation is 112.
** Hexadecimal describes a base-16 number system. That is, it describes a numbering system containing 16 sequential numbers as base units before adding a new position for the next number. The hexadecimal numbers are 0-9 and then use the letters A-F.
Q. Parity bit? Difference between odd and even parity
A parity bit is a single bit added to a binary data transmission used to indicate if whether the 0's and 1's within that data transmission is an even or odd number. The parity bit is used in parity error checking to find errors that may occur during data transmission.
i) odd parity refers to the odd number of ones in a binary code and
i) even parity refers to the even number of ones in a binary code. Both the even and odd parity is used for error checking.
ii) An even number can be divided by 2 evenly.
ii) An odd number will have a remainder of 1 when divided by 2.
iii) even parity number of 1s is even called even parity
iii) and or number of 1s is odd called odd parity
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