Q. CPU of a computer/ block diagram of a micro-computer and describe its control unit.
A computer can process data, pictures, sound and graphics. They can solve highly complicated problems quickly and accurately. A central processing unit contains the following- Input: Computer receives data and instructions through the Input Unit. • The input unit consists of one or more input devices. • Input devices include: Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner etc. Storage: The process of saving data and instructions permanently is known as storage. The data is first stored in the storage unit for faster access and processing. This storage unit or the primary storage of the computer system is designed to do the above functionality. It provides space for storing data and instructions. The storage unit performs the following major functions: • All data and instructions are stored here before and after processing. • Intermediate results of processing are also stored here. Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called processing. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit. Output: Computer provides information and results of computation to the outside world through the Output Unit. The output unit consists of one or more output devices. Output devices include: Monitor, Printer. Control: It instructs the input unit, where to store the data after receiving it from the user. It controls the flow of data and instructions from the storage unit to ALU. It also controls the flow of results from the ALU to the storage unit. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and instructions are executed. The control unit is also capable of shutting down the computer when the power supply detects abnormal conditions.
Q. Functions of an operating system. Name of modern OS
An operating system is a group of computer programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices. It is the first program loaded into the computer by a boot program and remains in memory at all times.
1) Booting the computer 2) To interpret the commands executed by the user. 3) To handle disk input/output settings. 4) Loaded in the memory at boot up and remain in the memory at all times. 5) To provide the OS with the mechanism in order to see the additional memory. 6) Used to access the high memory area. 7) it allows the rest of the OS and its programs to interact directory with the system hardware and the system BIOS. 8) It sets particular values corresponding to the windows environment. 9) Used to run particular programs during startup. 10) Protection and security 11) Error detection 12) protection and security 13)
Process communication
1) Disk Operating System (DOS)
2) Windows Operating System (Windows)
3) Unix Operating System (UNIX)
Q. Define computer hardware and software
Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices. Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and RAM. External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners. The internal hardware parts of a computer are often referred to as components, while external hardware devices are usually called peripherals. Together, they all fall under the category of computer hardware
Computer software is a general term that describes computer programs. Software can be difficult to describe because it is "virtual," or not physical like computer hardware. Software is often divided into two categories. Systems software includes the operating system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. Applications software includes programs that do real work for users. For example, word processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems fall under the category of applications software.
No comments:
Post a Comment